Master The Fundamentals Of Chemistry (Part 4 of 4)

This Is A High School Chemistry Course For Students Preparing For iGCSE, GCSE & AP Chemistry Exams

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Udemy

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English

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Science

What you will learn

In this course students will learn exactly what they need to know for their chemistry exams so that they can learn as efficiently as possible.

Calculate percentage yield

Understand why covalent substances do not conduct electricity

Understand why ionic substances conduct electricity when molten or aqueous

Apply the terms cation and anion to charged particles

Describe electrolysis experiments and predict the observations made at the anode and cathode

Write ionic half-equations for reactions occuring at the anode and cathode during electrolysis

Know that metals are extracted from compounds that are found in the Earth's crust, and that unreactive metals are often found as uncombined elements

Know how the position of a metal in the reactivity series is linked to the method used for extraction

Comment on a suitable method of extraction for a metal given information pertaining to its reactivity

Explain the uses of metals related to their properties

Describe experiments to investigate the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction

Describe the effect on the rate of a reaction of changing the surface area, concentration, temperature, or addition of a catalyst

Explain the effect of the above factors on the rate of reaction in terms of collision theory

Know that a catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction but is unaffected by the end of the reaction

Know that a catalyst works by providing an alternative pathway for reaction with a lower activation energy

Draw and explain reaction profiles showing enthalpy change and activation energy

Know that some reactions are reversible and this can be represented with a double arrow

Describe reversible reactions such as those involving hydrated copper sulphate, and ammonium chloride

Know that a reversible reaction can reach a dynamic equilbirium in a sealed container

Describe the features of a dynamic equilibrium

Understand why a catalyst does not affect the position of an equilibrium

Describe the effect of changing the temperature and/or pressure on the position of an equilibrium

Know the definition of a hydrocarbon

Understand how to represent organic molecules with moleuclar formulae, empirical formulae, diaplyed formulae, structural formulae

Know the meaning of the terms homologous series, functional group, and isomer

Know how to name organic molecules using IUPAC nomenclature

Draw possible structural formulae of a molecule given its molecular formula

Understand how to classify reactions as combustion, substitution, and addition

Know the crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons

Describe the industrial separation of crude oil using fractional distillation

Know the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil

Know the trend in colour, viscosity, flammability, and boiling point of the fractions

Know that fuels are substances that release heat when burned

Know the possible products of combustion of hydrocarbons

Understand why CO is poisonous related to its effect on transport of oxygen in the body

Know that cars produce nitrogen oxides due to reaction between nitrogen and oxygen in the car engine

Explain how the impurities in fuels results in the production of sulphur oxides

Explain how non-metal oxides contribute to acid rain

Describe how long chain alkanes are converted into shorter alkanes (and alkenes) in the process of cracking

Explain why cracking is necessary in terms of supply and demand of different fractions

Know the general formula of alkanes

Explain why alkanes are saturated

Understand how to draw the isomers of alkanes up to those containing 5 carbon atoms

Describe the reaction of alkanes with halogens in the presence of UV light

Know that alkenes contain the functional group C=C

Know the general formula for alkenes

Explain why alkenes are unsaturated

Know how to draw, and name, the positional isomers of alkenes

Describe the reactions of alkenes with halogens

Describe how bromine water cna be used as a test for saturation

Know that alcohols contain the functional group -OH

Understand how to draw the positional isomers of alcohols

Know that alcohols can be oxidised by combustion, and heating with acidified potassium dichromate

Know that ethanol can be manufactured by the reaction of ethene with steam, and by fermentation of sugars by yeast

Understand the reasons for the optimum conditions used in fermentation

Know that carboxylic acids contain the functional group COOH

Understand how to draw the structural formulae of carboxylic acids

Describe the reactions of metals with aqueous carboxylic acids

Know that vinegar is a solution of ethanoic acid

Know that esters contain the functional group COO

Know that esters are formed by reacting alcohols with carboxylic acids

Understand how to draw the structural formulae of esters

Know how to name the ester formed by combnining different alcohols and carboxylic acids

Know that esters are volatile compounds with distinctive smells used in food flavourings

Know that addition polymers are formed by joining many small monomers

Understand how to draw the repeating unit of a polymer

Know how to deduce the monomer from a section of a polymer

Explain the difficulty in disposing of polymers

Know that condensation polymers are formed from diols and dioic acids

Understand how to draw the repeating uint of a polyester

Know that some biopolyesters are biodegradable

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